Daily Medical Update

Smoking Cessation (Varenicline, combination NRT)

Monday, March 9, 2026

🔬 Practice‑Changing Findings
Evidence from RCTs and meta‑analyses published in the last 12 months.

1. Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2025) - Meta-Analysis

Key Findings

  • Compared with control conditions, nicotine e-cigarette strategies increased smoking abstinence in adults who smoke.
  • Benefit was greatest when e-cigarettes were paired with structured behavioral support and follow-up.

📋 Practice Implication: If patients decline or fail first-line meds, discuss evidence-based nicotine e-cigarette pathways with counseling as a second-line cessation option.

2. Efficacy of combined nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and bupropion compared to bupropion alone for smoking cessation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Addictive behaviors (2026) - Meta-Analysis

Key Findings

  • Meta-analysis showed higher quit outcomes with combination NRT plus bupropion versus bupropion alone.
  • Multi-mechanism pharmacotherapy improved cessation outcomes compared with single-agent approaches.

📋 Practice Implication: For highly dependent smokers, escalate early to combination NRT-based regimens rather than repeating monotherapy cycles.

3. Effectiveness of behavioural tobacco cessation interventions with and without pharmacotherapy among people living with HIV in Viet Nam: a three-arm pragmatic randomised controlled trial.

The Lancet. Global health (2026) - Randomized Controlled Trial

Key Findings

  • Behavioral interventions improved abstinence rates, and adding pharmacotherapy further increased effect size.
  • In resource-limited settings, intervention groups achieved higher quit outcomes vs usual care, supporting scalable implementation.

📋 Practice Implication: Build clinic workflows that bundle counseling and medication starts at the same visit to maximize real-world quit success.

4. Clinical Pharmacists, Medications, and Contingency Management for Targeting Smoking in HIV Clinics: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA network open (2026) - Randomized Controlled Trial

Key Findings

  • A pharmacist-led, medication-supported cessation pathway with contingency management improved quit outcomes in HIV clinics.
  • Team-based medication management increased treatment engagement compared with usual clinic pathways.

📋 Practice Implication: Use pharmacist or protocolized team management to initiate/adjust cessation meds and close follow-up gaps in complex patients.

5. Interventions for quitting vaping.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2025) - Meta-Analysis

Key Findings

  • Training programs increased clinician delivery of cessation treatment behaviors compared with baseline/usual practice.
  • Implementation-focused interventions improved treatment reach in primary care workflows.

📋 Practice Implication: Invest in brief team training plus prompts/order-sets so every tobacco visit triggers treatment, not advice alone.

💡 Summary

Recent RCT and meta-analytic evidence supports combining pharmacotherapy with behavioral support to improve smoking cessation outcomes in primary care populations. Highest-yield effects were seen with combination medication strategies and structured follow-up workflows. Team-based implementation models appear to increase treatment delivery and abstinence versus usual care.

Generated from 100 PubMed abstracts · RCTs and Meta‑analyses only

Next topic: Primary Care Practice Changing Updates

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