Daily Medical Update

Seizures

Tuesday, July 21, 2026

🔬 Practice-Changing Findings
Evidence from RCTs and meta-analyses published in the last 12 months.

1. Efficacy and safety of novel antiseizure medications as adjunctive treatment of focal epilepsy: An updated network meta-analysis.

Seizure (2026) - Network Meta-Analysis

Key Findings

  • All evaluated add-on antiseizure medications significantly increased responder rates compared with placebo for focal epilepsy.
  • Cenobamate had the greatest likelihood of seizure freedom, with 100% responder rates increased at 400 mg/day and 200 mg/day versus placebo.

📋 Practice Implication: For adolescents and adults with focal epilepsy needing adjunctive therapy, cenobamate deserves prominent consideration when seizure freedom is the primary goal and tolerability is acceptable.

2. Management of Functional Seizures Practice Guideline Executive Summary: Report of the AAN Guidelines Subcommittee.

Neurology (2025) - Practice Guideline

Key Findings

  • Psychological interventions increased the likelihood of functional seizure freedom and decreased functional seizure frequency.
  • Psychological interventions also decreased anxiety and improved health-related quality of life and psychosocial functioning.

📋 Practice Implication: Patients diagnosed with functional seizures should receive a clear diagnostic explanation, screening for co-occurring epilepsy or psychiatric disease, and referral for evidence-supported psychological treatment rather than unnecessary antiseizure medication.

3. Epilepsy surgery outcomes and their determinants: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry (2026) - Meta-Analysis

Key Findings

  • Across 5588 patients, surgical success varied by anatomy, with temporal lobe surgery achieving 68.6% seizure freedom and insular surgery 66.2%.
  • Tumor pathology had the highest seizure-freedom rate at 78.2%, while corpus callosotomy had the lowest success rate at 43.4%.

📋 Practice Implication: Referral discussions for drug-resistant epilepsy should use lesion type, lobar target, and planned procedure to give patients more realistic expectations about seizure freedom.

4. Guidelines for Seizure Prophylaxis in Patients Undergoing Supratentorial Neurosurgery: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals from the Neurocritical Care Society.

Neurocritical care (2026) - Practice Guideline

Key Findings

  • RCT meta-analysis found early seizures were reduced with prophylactic antiseizure medication, but late seizures and mortality were not improved.
  • Levetiracetam reduced early seizure rates compared with phenytoin/fosphenytoin, with trends toward fewer late seizures and adverse events.

📋 Practice Implication: For seizure-naive adults after supratentorial neurosurgery, prophylaxis should be individualized; when used, levetiracetam for no more than 7 days aligns best with the guideline evidence.

5. Ketogenic diet therapies for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy in children and adults: A systematic review.

PloS one (2026) - Systematic Review

Key Findings

  • In children with drug-resistant epilepsy, 37% may achieve at least a 50% seizure-frequency reduction with ketogenic diet therapy.
  • In adolescents and adults, ketogenic diet therapy may increase the number achieving at least a 50% seizure-frequency reduction by 16 per 100 compared with usual care.

📋 Practice Implication: Ketogenic diet therapy remains a reasonable adjunct for drug-resistant epilepsy, but counseling should include adherence barriers and the limited certainty around quality-of-life and cognitive outcomes.

💡 Summary

Recent seizure literature emphasizes practical treatment selection across focal epilepsy, functional seizures, neurosurgical prophylaxis, drug-resistant epilepsy, and surgical referral. The strongest evidence supports individualized adjunctive ASM choice, structured functional seizure care, selective short-duration prophylaxis after supratentorial neurosurgery, and earlier use of nonpharmacologic or surgical options when drug resistance is established.

Generated from 120 PubMed abstracts · RCTs and Meta-analyses only

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